If the file is transmitted the government then stores that file,
if it is encrypted or not.
Any file you have sent either email FTP or otherwise has been
stored.
Your question depends on your exact desire.
File and drive encryption are only of use when the
file is encrypted.
There a multiple ways to work with encrypted files.
None are full proof. The reason being that while the file
is unencrypted it is no better than any other file.
Storing any file on any network, internet or not is open
to being vulnerable.
Advice I give to my clients is do not store anything in the
cloud.
Your solution is sound except the file should be encrypted
before moving it.
Firewall:
Any connection to a computer is normally via a port.
SSH uses port 22, ftp use port 21, http uses port 80.
So you want to connect via SSH to another computer.
This is a brief overview of that connection:
ssh
me@whoknowswhere.biz then goes out to the internet
and finds that ip. If port 22 is open the connection is allowed.
Then if the connection is allowed you can do the authentication
and a connection is established.
A firewall allows that connection to happen:
you system calls another system it goes out and finds the other
system. Then the firewall (if used) will allow or block that connection.
HTH
Bigpaws